LANGUAGE ARTS
Starter: Write a sentence for each of the word bank groups, using correct comma placement, and tell which comma rule is being used.
Word Bank
1. cups jars and plates
2. saw the mugging screamed loudly and cried about it
3. whom you see where you go or what you do
4. sad sickly cat
5. old sullen Shepherd
KEY – Day 2 starter (Sentences will vary, but comma usage will not).
1. Please put the cups, jars, and plates into the cabinet. (series)
2. The young girl saw the mugging, screamed loudly, and cried about it for day afterward. (series)
3. I really don’t care whom you use, where you, or what you do. (series)
4. The sad, sickly cat purred softly. (coordinate adjective)
5. The old sullen Shepherd snored loudly. (coordinate adjective)
Notes:
Rule #3 – COMMAS IN COMPOUND SENTENCES
Use a comma before and, but or, nor, so, or yet to join two independent clauses that form a compound sentence.
A compound sentence is a sentence that has 2 independent clauses.
An independent clause is a group of words with a subject and verb that expresses a complete thought – also known as a simple sentence.
An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.
Two independent clauses in a compound sentence can be joined by:
Semicolons (;)
Joe read the book; his friend saw the movie.
Semicolons and comma
Joe read the book; however, his friend saw the movie.
A comma and one of the joining words: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. (Taken together, the first letters spell “FANBOYS.”)
Joe read the book, but his friend saw the movie.
A compound sentence must have two independent clauses
Joe read the book, and he saw the movie. (comma used)
Not two independent clauses
Joe read the book and saw the movie. (no comma)
RULE #4: THE COMMA WITH INTRODUCTORY WORDS
Place a comma after introductory phrases that tell where, when, why, or how.
Use a comma after:
Long introductory phrases
During the hot summer of 1984, the temperatures set records.
Usually, it is not necessary to use a comma after short introductory prepositional phrases.
During 1984 the temperature set records.
After an introductory phrase made up of “to” plus a verb and any modifiers (“infinitive”)
that tells why.
To get my records, I had to send a check for $3.00.
Use a comma even after a short “To” + verb phrase that answers why.
To win, you must practice hard.
***You can tell you have this kind of a verb phrase when you can put the words “in order” in front of the phrase.
(In order) To win, you must practice hard.
Not all introductory “to” phrases tell why.
(In order) To win is my goal. (no comma)
Use a comma after introductory clauses that answer: (These are adverb clauses).
When? Where? Why? How? To what degree?
Examples:
After you complete the film, you will edit it. (Tells when)
Wherever you go, I will follow. (tells where)
If the train is on time, we will meet you. (tells why)
Although the train is late, we will still meet you. (tells why)
As if we were still friends, hold my hand. (tells how)
***When such a clause (adverbial clause), comes at the end of a sentence, do NOT use a comma.
Hold my hand as if we were still friends. (end clause tells how – no comma)
He forgot his lines because he was tired. (end clause tell why – no comma)
Assignment: Go to (http://www.towson.edu/ows/modulecomma.htm), or google in Self-teaching Unit: Major Comma Uses – go to first site. Complete Exercises 3 and 4.
Time permitting: Go to website www.tinyurl.com/RFSAGEREVIEW. Begin/Do/continue questions 1-15. Write your percent score, in your student planner on today’s date. Continue past 15 if you have time. Record your score after every fifteen questions.
Record scores: In planner on today’s date
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